《史记》中的“至圣”孔子研究

The Study of Confucius,the Sacrosanctity in Historical Records

孔子是《史记》中的重要人物。首先,司马迁对孔子十分重视,他不仅创作了《孔子世家》、《仲尼弟子列传》等多篇传记,并且在《孔子世家》以外的55篇传记中引用了孔子的言行故事,达103处之多。其次,司马迁是第一个将孔子推崇为"至圣"的人,他使得孔子的"圣人"地位提升到前所未有的高度,并在汉代正史上得以确立。在《史记》中"至圣"孔子具有崇高性、神秘性、悲剧性等特点,并有着丰富饱满的性格特征。再次,司马迁心目中的孔子对他创作《史记》带来了深刻的影响,在思想内容上表现为对孔子价值标准的继承,在形式上则表现为对"《春秋》笔法"的借鉴。在史识上甚至对孔子有某些超越。可见司马迁"至圣"孔子之论,意义重大,影响深远。

Confucius is an important figure in Historical Records. Firstly, SIMA Qian attached great importance to Confucius. He not only wrote many biographies, such as Kongzi Shijia , and Zhongni Dizi Liezhuan , and also quoted many of Confucian stories from other 55 biographies, with as many as 303 quotations concerning Confucius. Secondly, SIMA Qian is the fn＇st person to wor- ship Confucius as the sacrosanctity, and he pronloted the position of Confucius as a saint to a new height and hence Confucius＇ s po- sition was established in the history books of Han Dynasty. In Historical Records , Confucius, the sacrosanctity, bears such charac- teristics as loftiness, mystery, and tragedy, and has rich personality traits. Thirdly, Confucius, in the eyes of SIMA Qian, has a profound influence on SIMA Qian in his writing Historical Records . This kind influence expresses itself in the inheritance of Confu- cius＇ s standard of values in terms intellectual content, and expresses itself in berrowing from the writing techrfiques of The Spring andAutumn Annals in terms of form. In Historical Records , there are even some records which exceed Confucius. Thus, SIMA Qian＇s theory of Confucius, the sacrosanctity, has a great significance and a profound influence.