摘要
探测器是有一定几何结构的,直接测量不同距离的辐射强度,结果会与理论值有较大误差.在辐照强度平方反比定律验证实验中,给探测器设计一个合适的准直器可以有效减少射线入射角度差别带来的距离不确定对实验结果的影响,可以大大提高测量结果准确度.可以通过蒙特卡罗方法设计核物理实验、设计符合条件的准直器,用模拟实验来确定准直器最佳的外半径、厚度、开孔大小等参数.最后,加工制作出准直器,用这种准直器、放射源和探测器进行实验测量,验证是否符合平方反比定律.
The detector has a certain geometric structure. If the radiation intensity of different distance directly is measured, the result should deviate greatly from the theoretical value. In the test of the experiment for inverse square law between γ-rays intensity and distance, a suitable collimator for the detector can reduce efficiently the influence of the incident angle difference of γ-rays which can bring the distance measuring uncertainty, which improves greatly the accuracy of result. We use Monte Carlo method to design the experiment and collimator and use simulation experiment to determine the radius, thickness, aperture size of the collimator. Finally, we conduct the experiment with the collimator of this kind, detector and radioactive source, test whether it accords with the inverse square law.
出处
《大学物理》
北大核心
2013年第9期39-42,共4页
College Physics