日本企业欠薪垫付法律制度及其启示

On Japan's Enterprises Payment of the Back Pay Law and Its Enlightenment

1973年石油危机爆发后,日本因企业大量倒闭形成了欠薪浪潮,优先权作为最主要的法律工具开始失灵。以欧陆诸国尤其是德国的经验为摹本,日本制定了欠薪垫付法。这一机制依托比较完善的法律程序将欠薪纳入劳灾保险基金垫偿,并先后采取了浮动限额、固定限额和分类限额等方式。日本的法律设计独具特色,实际运行数据也证明其有效地管控了欠薪风险。这对解决我国目前欠薪季节性爆发、极端或群体性欠薪事件频发的问题,提供了极具参考价值的制度化思路。我国应借鉴日本经验并结合国情建立企业欠薪保障法律制度。

After outbreak of the oil crisis in 1973, a large number of enterprises went bankrupt, thus constitu- ted a wave of back pay in Japan. As major legal tool, the priority ceased to be effective. Based on the experi- ence of European countries especially Germany, Japan enacted the payment of the back pay law. Based on fairly complete law procedures, the mechanism integrated back pay into the workers＂ casualty insurance fund and successively took the forms of floating quotas,fixed quotas and classification quotas, etc. The Japan＇s legal system of back pay has distinct characters, the proof of it effectively controlling back pay risks has established on the actual operation data. Japan＇s experiences are worthwhile for China which provides ideas of institutional- ization with much referential value for solving the frequent seasonal outbreak, extreme or mass back pay prob- lems.