基于脆弱性分析的公共危机预防体系研究

A Study on Improving the System of Public Crisis Prevention

成功且有效的公共危机管理须是先发式的(proactive),而非反应式的(reactive)。在公共危机管理中,防范危机胜于处理危机。危机防范能及早地识别出或意识到危机的存在并采取措施将可能危害化解或降至最低,是成本最为低廉、最高明的危机管理方式。一个完整的公共危机预防体系应包括五个方面的主要内容:强化脆弱性定期分析评估制度;设立危机管理团队;制定危机管理计划;重视危机管理科普宣教培训与演练;加强"防灾型社区"的危机管理文化建设,构建组织隐性危机防范系统。

The successful and effective public crisis management should be proactive rather than reactive crisis management. In public crisis management, preventing crisis is more important than dealing with crisis. As the lowest-cost and wisest crisis management way, crisis prevention can discern and recognize the crisis and take measures to nip it in the bud as early as possible. A complete system of public crisis prevention should include five main items： strengthening regular analysis of vulnerable assessment system; setting up a crisis management team; making a crisis management plan; emphasizing the education, training and drill of crisis management; strengthening crisis management culture of community and building a crisis prevention system with implicit organizations.