圈养野生动物疾病及发病原因分析

The Diseases and Cause Analysis of Captive Wildlife

概述了圈养野生动物疾病系统和致病因素,把疾病发生的机体系统划分为消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿和生殖系统、神经和肌肉系统、血液循环系统、被皮系统、四肢、眼部、其他系统共9个系统,把致病因素划分为生物性因素、化学性因素、物理性因素、营养性因素、肿瘤、不确定因素6个因素。统计了北京动物园1975～2011年间20 423例野生动物发病资料,把疾病系统、致病因素及发病的月份相互结合分析。结果显示消化系统是发病最多的系统,生物因素是引起动物发病的主要因素,7～8月是疾病多发月份。加强饲养管理,改善饲养环境,加强游客宣传是减少疾病发生的主要措施。

We reviewed the disease systems and pathogenic factors of captive wildlife.The disease systems were 9,including the digestive system,respiratory system,urinary and reproductive system,nervous and muscular system,circulatory system, skin system,limbs and eyes.The pathogenic factors were segregated as biological,chemical,physical,nutritional,tumor, and unknown factors.20 423 cases of captive wildlife diseases were reported at Beijing Zoo between 1975 and 2011.We statistically analyzed these reports for relations between disease systems and pathogenic factors.Most of the diseases occurred in the digestive system in captive wildlife.The biological factor was the main pathogenic factor causing animal diseases.Most of the cases occurred from June to August.The main measures to reduce diseases are strengthening management,improving the environment and strengthening tourist publicity.