摘要
2011年3月～2012年11月,采用样线法对宾县地区沿松花江两侧湿地鸟类种类进行了调查,并对其不同季节的鸟类多样性进行分析。记录鸟类131种,隶属于12目36科。其中水鸟(包括涉禽和游禽)48种,占总数的36.6%;非水鸟83种,占63.4%。水鸟中以鸻形目鸟类为主,共22种,非水鸟类中以雀形目占绝对优势,共66种。动物地理区系划分上古北界鸟类有101种,占总数的77.1%,广布种30种,占总数的22.9%。在水域、沼泽、草甸及居民区、灌丛、林地4种典型生境中,鸟类群落多样性指数H_(m水域)>H_(m草甸)>H_(m居民区、灌丛、丛地),4种生境的均匀度指数E_(水域)>E_(沼泽)>E_(草甸)>E_(居民区、灌丛、林地),不同生境鸟类群落特征差异显著,群落结构稳定,若能改善环境的自然性、增加空间异质性、减少人为干扰等可使该湿地的鸟类群落多样性和密度有所增加。
From March 2011 to November 2012 we conducted a survey of bird species on both sides of the Songhua River in Bin County Wetland and analyzed the bird diversity in different seasons.We recorded a total of 131 species of birds of 12 orders and 36 families.Of the 131 species,48 species（36.6%） were waterbirds（waders and swimming birds） and 83 species were non - waterbirds（63.4%）.Charadriiformes was the dominant waterbird order with 22 species,while Passeriformes was the dominant non - waterbird order with 66 species.101 recorded species are palaearctic（77.1%） and 30 species are widespread（22.9%）.In 4 typical habitats,water,marsh,meadow,and thicket - forest - village,bird diversity was H_（m Waters） H_（m marshes）H_（m meadows） H_（m thicket-forest-village）.The Pielou index in 4 habitats was E_（Waters）E_（marshes）E_（meadows） E_（thicket-forest-village）.The distinguishing features of bird communities differed significantly by habitat but community structure was stable.Improving the natural environment,increasing the spatial heterogeneity,and reducing human disturbance can increase the diversity and density of the bird community.
