215例狂犬病患者的流行病学和临床特点分析及护理

Analysis on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and nursing of 215 patients with rabies

目的分析狂犬病病例的流行病学特点及临床表现,探讨狂犬病的预防及患者的临终护理方法。方法对本院1974年1月至2012年12月收治的215例狂犬病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果入组患者共215例,其中暴露后伤口未处理或不正规处理者189例,未接种狂犬病疫苗者155例,未全程接种及不正规接种即发病者31例。215例患者全部死亡。结论目前狂犬病仍无有效治疗方法,一旦暴露后应及时正确处理伤口,尽早、足量以及全程预防注射是防止发病的主要手段;做好患者的对症护理、安全护理、临终关怀及家属的心理疏导是护理的关键。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of rabies cases, and to investigate the prevention of rabies and the nursing for patients with end-of-life. Methods Total of 215 cases with rabies were admitted to our hospital from January 1974 to December 2012, and the clinical data were analyzed, retrospectively. Results Among the 215 patients, 189 cases whose wounds were untreated or inadequate untreated after exposure, 155 cases were not vaccinated against rabies, and 31 cases were not fully immunized. In this study, all 215 cases died eventually. Conclusions There is still no effective treallnent for rabies cmaently. The wound should be treated timely and correctly as soon as it is exposed, early, adequate and full vaccination is the main method for prevention from rabies. It is the key measure for the patient＇s symptomatic care, safe mursing, hospice and family psychological counseling.