晋南地区恙虫疾疫源地的发现及其动物流行病学特点

THE DISCOVERY OF NATURAL FOCI OF TSUTSUGAMUSHI DISEASE IN SOUTHERN SHANXI PROVINCE AND ITS ZOO EPIDEMIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS

西省南部的翼城和绛县一带农区存在有恙虫病的自然疫源地,该地区连年有恙虫病病例发生。通过连续数年的调查发现,该地的恙虫病属秋冬型,每年九月下旬至十一月上旬为病例的发生高峰。主要疫源动物为大仓鼠(Cricetulustriton),在寄生于鼠类的节肢动物中,姬鼠纤恙螨(Leptotrombidiumapodemi)为绝对优势种,其数量约占当地恙螨科种类的93.2%,其季节消长与当地恙虫病的流行趋势一致,被认为是该地恙虫病流行的传播媒介。

A new discovered natural focus of tsutsugamushi disease existed in Yicheng and Jiangxian Counties,southern Shanxi Province,where the disease has been epidemical for several years A zoo epidemiological survey sustained for couple of years was conducted to bring the nature and character to light of the natural focus It has been revealed that the local epidemics of scrub typhus showed a type of autumn winter abundance,the major rodent reservoir is Cricetulus triton (Rodentia:Cricetidae),a locally species abundant all the year round(tables 1,2 and 3) The vector mite may be Leptotrombidium apodemi (Acariformes:Trombiculidae)based on the facts as follows:1 The mite takes a dominant position among all the locally collected mite species(tables 4 and 5)with highest parasitic rate and index on its hosts;2 The seasonal abundance of the mite is accordant with that of local epidemics of scrub typhus;3 The mites distribute over the same area where the cases occurred;4 Its major host, Cricetulus triton, is a locally dominant species described above;and 5 The other species known as vectors of scrub typhus have not been found in herewith mentioned areas