合成氨工业:过去、现在和未来——合成氨工业创立100周年回顾、启迪和挑战

Ammonia synthesis industry:Past,present and future——Retrospect,enlightenment and challenge from 100 years of ammonia synthesis industry

Haber-Bosch发明的催化合成氨技术创立已经100周年。合成氨工业的巨大成功,改变了世界粮食生产的历史,解决了人类因人口增长所需要的粮食,奠定了多相催化科学和化学工程科学基础。催化合成氨技术在20世纪化学工业的发展中起着核心的作用。本文回顾了合成氨工业的创立和发展过程及其启迪,展望了合成氨工业未来和面临的新挑战,指出经典的传统合成氨工业与新兴产业密切相关,可以说是新兴产业的基础,蕴含着一系列高新技术。了解和熟悉合成氨的工艺流程和设备以及合成氨过程的成熟技术和实践经验,对于了解现代化工、能源、材料、环保领域一系列共性、关键技术,尤其是对于现代新型煤化工,具有强烈的启迪和借鉴作用。

Ammonia synthesis industry founded by Haber-Bosch has achieved its history of 100 years.The huge success altered the history of food production in the world,and met the growing demand of food due to population increase.In addition,it established the solid foundation for the development of heterogeneous catalysis and chemical engineering.Catalytic ammonia synthesis technology has played a central role in the development of chemical industry during the 20th century.This paper reviews the discovery and enlightenment from foundation and development of ammonia synthesis industry,and presents its future and new challenges.There is close relationship between traditional ammonia industry and the emerging industries.To some extent,ammonia synthesis industry is the basis of these emerging industries because ammonia synthesis industry contains a series of high and new technologies.Similarly,new discoveries in the field of ammonia synthesis industry have been extended to other areas of industries.Therefore,the high and new technologies of ammonia synthesis have strong enlightenment and reference for understanding and improving the general and key technologies in a series of fields,such as modern chemical industry,energy,material science and environmental protection,especially for modern coal chemical industry.