渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅰ.种类组成与群落结构

The ecological characteristics of the zooplankton community in the Bohai Sea Ⅰ.species composition and community structure

以 1 959年全国海洋普查浮游动物中网周年标本为材料 ,对渤海浮游动物的群落结构进行分析。渤海浮游动物群落以近岸广温种为主 ,主要优势种包括小拟哲水蚤 ( Paracalanus parvus)、双毛纺锤水蚤 ( Acartia bifilosa)、强额拟哲水蚤( Paracalanus crassirostris)、拟长腹剑水蚤 ( Oithona similis)、墨氏胸刺水蚤 ( Centropages mcmurrichi)、中华哲水蚤( Calanus sinicus)、真刺唇角水蚤 ( Labidocera enchaeta)、强壮箭虫 ( Sagitta crassa)等。由于受海流影响 ,渤海中也有少量暖水性种类出现 ,包括 Euchaeta rimana Bradford1 974、精致真刺水蚤 ( Euchaeta concinna)、刺尾角水蚤 ( Pontellaspinicauda)、羽环纽鳃樽 ( Cyclosalpa pinnata)、长吻纽鳃樽 ( Brooksia rostrata)、锯齿海樽 ( Doliolum denticulatum)、肥胖箭虫 ( Sagitta enflata)和介形类。聚类分析和主要成分分析的结果表明 :受海流影响 ,春季 ( 5月份 )渤海浮游动物群落可以划分成近岸型、受黄海海流影响的外海型以及过渡类型。夏季 ( 8月份 )由于水文条件的差异 ,群落结构比较复杂。秋、冬季( 1 1月份、2月份 )主要是以近岸类型为主 ,这可能同该海区盛行东北风有关。

Species composition and community structure of zooplankton in the Bohai Sea were studied with samples taken with medium plankton net in 1959.The results revealed that zooplankton in this area was dominated by temperate neritic speicies,including Paracalanus parvus,Acartia bifilosa,Paracalanus crassirostris,Oithona similis,Corycaeus affinis,Labidocera enchaeta and Sagitta crassa .The dominant species also included Centropages mcmurrichi,Calanus sinicus and Acartia pacifica, but their geographic distribution and seasonal changes were controlled by current from the Yellow Sea.There were also some warm water species occurred in the Bohai Sea and they were driven by the current from Yellow Sea.These species were Euchaeta rimana Bradford 1974, Euchaeta concinna,Pontella spinicauda,Cyclosalpa pinnata,Brooksia rostrata,Doliolum denticulatum,Sagitta enflata and Ostracoda.To understand the community structure,cluster analysis was used to analyze sample station data set,which showed there were two distinctive groups:One was the neritic group,and the other was oceanic group which was controlled by current from the Yellow Sea.Besides these two groups,there were some stations stayed in a transitional position.Such a community structure was clear in the spring(represented by May).In summer,different hydrographic features led to a complex community distribution patterns,and the differences between groups were not very significant.During fall and winter,driven by the northeast wind,no significant differences occurred.