马克思人类学思想探析

Analysis of Marx's Anthropological Thoughts

青年时期的马克思在人与动物的关系、人与自然界的关系、人的类本质和人的实践等方面对"人"进行了探索,得出了人是具有类意识的存在物等重要理论。晚年马克思在其倾注毕生心血的《资本论》尚未完成且恶疾缠身的情况下,毅然转向人类学研究,阅读了大量书籍和资料,留下了今天所说的五大"人类学笔记",对原始社会的形态、阶级和国家起源理论、东方社会发展理论等进行了深入探索。正是由于其对人类学孜孜不倦的探索,才使马克思对历史的研究始终面向现实,坚持以人为本,为人的自由全面发展而奋斗。

Marxism anthropology is a social anthropology.Marx explores ＂person＂ in the relationship between man and animals,man and nature,the relationship between the class nature and the practice of person in his youth period and come a conclusion that the person is a kind of consciousness of existence and other important theories.Although Das Capital had not yet been completed,Marx devoted his entire life to anthropology research with vicious disease in his late years.He read a lot of books and materials and explored the original social form,class and national origin theory,Oriental social development theory in depth,leaving what we call five ＂anthropology notes＂ today.It is precisely because of the anthropology perseverant,Marx＇s study on history always faces reality,adhere to the people-orientedness,fight for man＇s freedom and comprehensive development.