GATT第20条(b)款域外效力之实证分析

Empirical Study on the Extraterritorial Application of GATT Article XX(b)

在贸易与环境问题日益尖锐的背景下,旨在保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康的GATT第20条(b)款频频被WTO成员援用。但对于GATT第20条(b)款是否具有域外效力,在GATT\WTO多边贸易体制中没有明确的规定,争端解决机构的相关解释也存在分歧。在分析相关案例的基础上,考虑到特定的环境问题可能存在有急迫、严重或不可逆转的特性,一定条件下应允许一成员采取的国内措施具有域外效力,以维持国际环保政策及制度的完整性。

Abstract： In the context of increasingly sharp trade and environmental conflicts, the GATT Article 20 （b） , de-signed to protect human, animal or plant life or health, was frequently invoked by WTO members. GATT ／ WTO multilateral trading system is not clearly defined GATT Article 20, paragraph （b） with extraterritorial effect, and the attitude of the Dis-pute Settlement Body on this issue are not the same in different cases. In the analysis of the relevant case basis, taking into ac-count the specific environmental issues there may be urgent, serious or irreversible character, this paper argues that under cer-tain conditions should allow a member to take domestic measures with extraterritorial effect to the maintenance of international environmental policy and system integrity.