应用数据包络分析评价乡镇卫生院的经营效率

Evaluation of operational efficiency of township hospitals in Neijiang city by using DEA

目的评价四川省内江市乡镇卫生院的经营效率，为合理有效地配置资源、减少浪费、提高经营效率提供依据。方法采用数据包络分析的CCR和BCC模型测算四川省内江市所属90家乡镇卫生院2008—2010年的经营效率和规模收益情况，并通过模型所得松弛值分析投入过剩和产出不足乡镇卫生院的比例。结果2008—2010年内江市乡镇卫生院总技术效率均值为0．824；纯技术效率均值为0．878；规模效率均值为0．931；成本效率均值为0．720；配置效率均值为0．918；产出指标中，病床使用率和住院人次有松弛值的医院所占比例最高，分别为35．2％和33．3％；投入指标中，固定资产总额有冗余值的医院所占比例最高（31．9％）；除规模效率外，中心卫生院效率均高于一般卫生院。结论内江市乡镇卫生院的总技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、成本效率和配置效率均有提升的空间，住院人次少和病床使用率低是影响低效率的主要因素，应针对不同情况制定应对措施。

Objective To evaluate the operational efficiency of township hospitals in Neijiang city in order to give the sugges- tions on how to effectively and reasonably distribute resources,reduce waste and improve operating, efficieneies. Methods The methods of CCR and BCC in data envelopment analysis were .used to measure total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficien- cy,cost efficiency and allocation efficiency at and above 90 township hospitals in Neijiang city over the throe-year period from 2008 to 2010. Then,we used the relaxation value through the model to analyze the ratios of input reduction and output increase. Results The total technical efficiency of the township hospitals in Neijiang city was 0. 842 on average. The mean of pure technical efficiency, cost ef- ficiency and allocation efficiency was 0. 878,0. 931,0. 720 and 0. 918 ,respectively. In the output indicators ,hospitals which had utili- zation rate and inpatients with relaxation values accounted for the highest proportion which was 35.2% and 33.3%, respectively. In the input indicators, hospital had redundancy value in inherent assets accounted for the highest proportion （31.9% ）. Conclusions The township hospitals in Neijiang city have promotion prospects in technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, cost effi- ciency, and allocation efficiency. Low number of inpatients and bed utilization ratio are the main factors that influence the low effieien- ey. We should formulate measures according to different situations.