三级口腔专科医院医务人员锐器伤的流行病学调查与分析

Epidemiological survey and analysis of sharp injuries in medical staffs in tertiary stomatological hospital

目的调查三级口腔医院锐器伤发生情况,为制定锐器伤防护干预措施提供参考。方法采用问卷调查方法,对某三级口腔专科医院的医务人员按工作类别不同进行分层随机抽样,调查过去1年锐器伤发生情况。结果 167名调查对象中,65.9%发生过锐器伤,发生密度为1.62次/(人.年),62.3%的被调查者曾参加过培训,但仅有23.3%被刺伤者报告过锐器伤,在已知暴露源的情况下,血源性疾病暴露率为7.7%。护士是最易发生锐器伤的人群(77.2%)。手术室、供应室为锐器伤发生的高危科室;"手术缝针"和"根管治疗"是医生发生锐器伤的高危行为;"针头和器械传递"则是护士发生锐器伤的高危行为。结论锐器伤是口腔专业医务人员常见的职业伤害,应通过减少不必要的医疗操作、改变错误的习惯行为、加强职业培训、实施标准预防等措施切实降低锐器伤的发生率。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of the sharp injuries in tertiary stomatological hospital,and to provide reference for the prevention, protection, and intervention measures of sharp injuries for medical staffs in Stomatological Hospital. Methods Strat- ified random sampling was carried out in medical staffs in Jiangsu Provincial Stomatological Hospital accoding to work types to do ques- tionnaire survey about the incidence of sharp injuries in the last year. Results 167 medical workers were investigated, of which 65. 9% had experienced sharp injuries in the past year. The frequency of the injuries was 1.62 times per person per year. 62.3% of the re- spondents had ever attended related training, and only 23.3% of the injured respondents reported their sharp injuries. In the case of known sources of exposure,the exposure to blood-borned diseases was 7.7% . The nurses were most likely ito suffer from sharp injuries （77.2%）. The operating room and supply room were ranked as the highest risk department for sharp injuries. ＂Operation suture＂ and ＂ root canal therapy＂ were the highest risk actions for sharp injuries among doctors, while ＂ needle heads and passing sharp instruments＂ were most risky for nurses. Conclusions Sharp injuries are common occupational injuries for stomatological staffs. Measures should be taken to reduce the incidence rate of sharp injury like reducing unnecessary medical practices, changing incorrect habits and behaviors, strengthening occupational training, carrying out standard precautions.