军事飞行员不同时段颈肌强度训练效果研究

Effect of neck muscular strength training at different time durations for military pilots

目的通过研制的飞行员颈肌训练器,测试并进行不同时段军机飞行员颈肌强度训练,评定颈肌强度训练的效果。方法使用CME-1颈肌强度训练器,以等长和CVR训练模式对军事飞行员和军事锻炼员分别进行2、3和6周时段训练,测定不同时段训练后颈肌强度并评价训练效果。结果 60名军事飞行员不同时段训练周期训练后前屈、后伸、左右侧屈4个方向平均颈肌强度、平均10 s最大冲量均值比训练前提高明显(P<0.05);训练3周各肌群平均颈肌强度均值的相对增长率分别为47.3%、44.8%、70.5%和59.6%,平均10 s最大冲量均值的相对增长率分别为49.3%、41.3%、65.0%和55.5%。第3周时段训练后的后伸肌群平均10 s最大冲量均值比第2周时段训练后有所提高,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。11名军事锻炼员经过6周颈肌强度训练后,各方向平均颈肌强度、平均10 s最大冲量均值比训练前明显提高(P<0.001)。训练6周后各肌群平均颈肌强度均值的相对增长率分别为71.1%、83.7%、78.6%和75.2%,平均10 s最大冲量均值的相对增长率分别为136.9%、138.5%、114.1%和114.4%。结论本研究为不同机种飞行员制定颈肌强度军标提供生理依据,对颈肌强度较低的飞行员颈肌训练提供方法,为高性能战机、舰载机飞行员的颈肌训练周期和颈肌强度训练目标提供参考。

Objective To test and evaluate the effect of neck muscular strength training for military pilots at differ- ent time durations based on a self-developed pilot neck muscle training device. Methods The neck muscular strength training device, CME-I, was used to train the military pilots and military smithery members for 2, 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. The isometric and changeable velocity and resistant （CVR） modes were performed and the neck muscular strength at those different time durations was measured to evaluate the training effect. Results For all 60 military pilots trained at different time durations, the average neck muscular strength and the mean val- ue of peak impulse in 10 seconds in anteflexion, retroflexion, right/left lateroflexion were significantly improved af- ter training （P 〈0.05）. After 3 weeks＇ training, the average neck muscular strength of the four flexion was in- creased by 47.3%, 44.8%, 70.5% and 59.6%, respectively, while the mean value of peak impulse in 10 sec- onds were increased by 49.3%, 41.3%, 65.0% and 55.5%, respectively. The mean value of the peak impulse in 10 seconds of the retrofiexion muscles after 3 weeks＇ training was increased in comparison with 2 weeks＇ train- ing, but not significant （ P 〉 0.05）. For 11 military smithery members after 6 weeks＇ training, both the averagemuscular strength and the mean value of peak impulse in ]0 seconds in all directions were significantly enhanced （ P〈0.00! ）, with the average muscular strength increased by 71.1%, 83.7%, 78.6% and 75.2% respectively, while the mean value of peak impulse in ]0 seconds was increased by ]36.9%, 138.5%, 114.1% and 114.4%, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the physiological basis for establishing the military standards of neck muscular strength training for different fighter pilots, the proper method for training those pilots with low neck muscular strength, as well as the reference of neck muscular training duration and strength target for high per- formance aircrafts and carrier aircrafts.