早熟温州蜜柑控制大小年的技术研究

Study on the Control Technique of Good or Off Year of Early Maturing Citrus unshiu

为了扭转贵州省北部地区早熟温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Marc.)生产大小年现象普遍的现状,并为制订橘园科学的栽培技术方案与合理的管理措施提供参考,试验历经7年(2005～2011)对早熟温州蜜柑控制大小年的栽培技术进行了实地配套优化研究。结果表明,通过合理的树体整形、加强土肥水管理、有针对性地花果管理、有效控制和综合防治病虫害等配套栽培技术应用,能够显著提高当地早熟温州蜜柑果园果实的产量,使大小年的产量差距控制在10%～15%以内,把原来大小年现象严重的橘园变成了产量较为稳定的丰产园,同时还提高了早熟温州蜜柑果实的商品率,取得了良好的经济效益。

In order to change the universal phenomenon of alternate bearing of the early maturing Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu Marc.） in north Guizhou province, and provide reference for setting scientific cultivation techniques and reasonable management measures for Satsuma orange gardens, cultivation techniques for controlling alternate bearing of the early maturing Satsuma orange were tested and optimized for 7 years （2005 to 2011）. The results showed that production of local early ma- turing Satsuma orange orchards could be significantly improved through the application of cultivation techniques such as rea- sonable trimming, strengthening soil, fertilizer and water management, conducting flower and fruit management pertinently, effective and comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests and so on. The yield difference between good year and off year was 10%-15%; and the Satsuma orange orchards with serious alternate bearing phenomenon were changed into orchards with high and stable yield; meanwhile, the commodity rate of early maturing Satsuma orange fruit was increased, leading to good economic efficiency.