成都市沙河滨水绿地植物群落研究

Study on the Plant Community for Waterfront Green Space of Sand River in Chengdu City

采用样方调查方法,分析了成都市沙河沿岸滨水绿地8个景点共32个样方的植物群落种类构成、植物多样性Shannon-Wiener指数、群落相似性Jaccard系数和频度的现状。结果表明,在32个样方中共有植物109种,分属于54科88属;其中乔木植物有49种、灌木植物有36种、地被植物有24种。组成滨水绿地景观的109种植物主要的分布频度在10%～30%(有48种,占总数的44.04%),且乔木、灌木和地被植物的频度差异不明显;但乡土植物的种类在减少,地被植物的种类相对乔木、灌木植物较少,水生植物则更少,所以水面的植物景观单一。乔木、灌木、地被植物的多样性Shannon-Wiener指数均以位于上游段的北湖凝翠景点最大,而位于城市中心的科技秀苑景点的乔木和地被植物多样性指数最小,沙河客家景点的灌木植物多样性指数最小。北湖凝翠与新绿水碾景点同属沙河上游段,二景点植物群落相似性Jaccard系数最大,北湖凝翠与处于中游地段的麻石烟云景点的相似性系数最小。乡土植物在滨水绿地中的应用频度较大,但不影响滨水绿地的景观和生态功能。建议沙河滨水绿地增加水生植物的种类与数量,增强滨水岸线景观的丰富程度;保留与扩大乡土植物的种类与数量,以保持当地物种多样性的平衡与生态群落的稳定。

Using quadrat method, the plant community species composition, Shannon-Wiener plant diversity index, communi- ty similarity coefficient （Jaccard＇s coefficient） and frequentness of 32 quadrats in 8 attractions of waterfront green space along the coastal of Sand river in Chengdu city was analyzed. Results showed that there were 109 plant species in the 32 quadrats, belonging to 88 genera of 54 families; among which there were 49 arbor species, 36 bush species and 24 ground cover species. The distribution frequentness of 109 plants species was mainly 10%-30%（48 species, accounting for 44.04% of the total）; and the frequentness difference of arbor, bush, and ground cover plants was not obvious. However, number of native plant species was decreasing; ground covers plant species was fewer than that of arbor and shrubs, aquatic plants were even less, resulted in tedious water plant landscape. The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index of arbor, bush, and ground cover plants was in Beihuningcui attraction on the upper reach. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of arbor and ground covers plants was the lowest in the Kejixiuyuan attraction in city center; of bush plants was the lowest in Shahekeka attrac- tion. Beihuningcui and Xinltishuinian were both on the upstream of Sand river; and the Jaccard＇s coefficient of the two at- tractions was the highest. While Beihuningcui and Mashiyanyun were in the middle section of Sand river had the lowest Jac- card＇s coefficient. Application frequentness of native plants in waterfront green space was high, but did not affect the land- scape and ecological function of waterfront green space. It was suggested that the species and number of water plants and na- tive plants as well as the landscape richness should be increased, species and number of native plants should be reserved and increased so as to keep the balance of diversity of native species and the stability of ecological community.