1992-2010年广东省水稻主要病虫害发生动态及防控措施

Occurrence Dynamics and Control Countermeasures of Major Diseases and Insects of Rice in Guangdong from 1992 to 2010

水稻(Oryzasativa)是广东省重要的粮食作物之一,广东省水稻种植面积从1992年的287.59万hm2下降到2010年的195.27万hm2,占粮食作物种植面积比率由81.33%下降到77.12%,稻谷产量占粮食总产量则由88.50%下降到80.56%。除播种面积减少导致稻谷总产量下降外,生物灾害也是影响广东水稻稳产、高产的主要因素之一。研究期间,每年水稻病虫害发生面积为466万～860.68万hm2.次,虽经防治但仍然造成实际损失12.08万～50.12万t。近20年来,根据水稻病虫害在广东发生的总体表现,研究发现稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)等的迁飞性、全球气候变化以及化学农药施用等是造成广东水稻病虫害发生的主要原因,并据此提出了相关的防控措施。

As one of the important crops in Guangdong, the planting area of rice was 2.88 million hm2 in 1992 and 1.95 million hm2 in 2010, accounting for 81.33% and 77.12% of the total grain planting area, respectively. Rice production of to- tal grain production was decreased from 88.50% to 80.56% in 1992-2010. Besides the decrease of rice planting area, biolog- ical disaster also caused the reduction of rice quality and yield. During the researched period, the occurrence area of rice diseases and insects was 4.66 million -8.61 million hm2; and the loss caused by rice diseases and insect pests was as high as 0.12 million to 0.5 million tons despite controlling measures. Base on the occurrence dynamics of diseases and insects of rice in Guangdong in the recent 20 years, it was concluded that the main reasons causing rice diseases and insect pests in- cluded the migratory of rice plant hopper （Nilaparvata lugens） and rice leaf roller （Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）, global climate change, and application of pesticide; and some prevent and control measures were put forward accordingly.