不同类型盐碱胁迫对大豆植株生长性状和产量的影响

Effects of Salt and Alkaline Stress on Plant Growth Traits and Yield of Soybean

为了解不同类型盐碱胁迫对大豆植株生长性状和产量的影响,研究了2个耐盐碱大豆品种和2个盐碱敏感品种在不同类型盐碱胁迫下,各器官生物量、单株荚数、粒数、株高、茎粗与单株复叶数及产量的变化。结果表明:在不同类型盐碱胁迫下,耐盐碱品种的各器官生物量、荚数、粒数、产量和生长性状均显著高于盐碱敏感品种;盐碱胁迫对叶片和荚果的伤害要远大于对茎的伤害;各种胁迫之所以能降低产量,主要在于其严重影响了单株粒数,对荚数的影响较小。在碱胁迫下,各指标下降的百分率要显著高于盐胁迫和盐碱混合胁迫,说明碱胁迫对植株的伤害明显,原因在于碱胁迫除了具有渗透胁迫和离子毒害外,还具有高的pH。

In order to understand the effects of different types of salt and alkaline stress on growth traits and yield of soybean, two salt-alkaline-tolerant and two salt-alkaline-sensitive soybean cultivars were taken as experimental materials. The changes in organ biomass, pods number, seeds number, plant height, stem diameter and number of trifoliolate leaves per plant and yield under different types of salt-alkaline stress were studied. Results showed that organ biomass, pods number, seeds number, growth traits and yield of salt-alkaline-tolerant cultivars were significantly higher than those of salt-alkaline-sensitive ones. Under salt and alkaline stress, leaves and pods harmed more severe than stems. It also found that the yield was declined in salt and alkaline stress mainly duing to reducing grain number per pod, instead of reducing pod number. Under alkaline stress, the decrease percentage in all index were higher than salt stress and mixture-salt-alkaline stress. It suggested that the damage of alkaline stress lied in the effect of osmotic stress and ion toxicity on plant, as well as higher pH.