日粮添加硒碘铜对宁夏地区奶牛生产和繁殖性能的影响

Effect of diets supplemented with selenium,iodine and copper on the production and reproduction of dairy cowsin Ningxia area

选择宁夏地区 85 8头奶牛进行日粮添加硒、碘、铜试验 ,其中对照组 2 6 7头 ,其余分别添加硒、碘 ,硒、铜 ,或硒、碘、铜。于添加前后 4次采样 ,测定血液和肝脏的硒、碘、铜含量。结果表明 :添加硒和碘的奶牛血硒、肝硒和血清蛋白结合碘极显著地高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,白肌病发病率由 17 9%降至 0 ;死胎、弱犊发生率由 2 2 97%降至6 79% ;硒、碘、铜组奶牛妊娠率 ,平均情期受胎率和一次情期受胎率分别上升 10 4% ,9 2 %和 8 9% ,配妊次数降低0 5 4次 ,产后配妊时间和平均空怀时间分别缩短 12 1d和 2 3 2d ,奶牛流产和胎衣不下发病率分别降低 2 5 %和 7 1% ,奶牛头日均产奶量增长 7 1%。据此 ,建议宁夏奶牛添加微量元素的地方标准为 :硒 0 2 6mg/kg ,碘 0 31mg/kg ,铜 3 2mg/kg。

Eight hundred and fifty eight dairy cows were conducted to supplement with selenium,iodine and copper under productive condition,267 cows served as control group,the others fed diets supplemented with selenium and iodine,selenium and copper,and selenium,iodine and copper.The samples collected at 0,3,6,10,12 month for analyzing selenium,iodine and copper.The results indicated that the blood and liver selenium contents,serum protein binding iodine contents of groups supplemented with selenium,iodine were significantly higher than the control group( P <0 01),the morbidity of white muscle disease decreased from 17 9% to 0 Dead born and weak calves were decreased from 22 97% to 6 79%.The pregnancy rate,average estrous conception rate and first estrous conception rate in the group supplemented with selenium,iodine and copper increased 10 4%,9 2% and 8 9%,respectively,mating frequency decreased 0 54,the postpartum mating time and average nonpregnant time shortened 12 1 days and 23 2 days,the morbidity of abortion and retained placenta decreased 2 5% and 7 1%,respectively.Average daily milk yield increased 7 1%.It suggested that dietary supplemented with 0 26 mg/kg selenium,0 31 mg/kg iodine and 3 2 mg/kg copper in Ningxia area would meet the requirement of dairy cows.