中国现行土地管理制度的反思与重构

Ongoing Land Administration System in China:Reflection and Reconstruction

研究目的:分析"世界上最严格的土地管理制度"在中国失灵的原因,并细致分析指标式计划管理模式的弊端。研究方法:实证法,规范分析法。研究结果:现行土地管理制度是以牺牲农民土地发展权为代价的,并且没有对已经变化了的中央与地方关系保持必要的敏感,所以带来了城市肆意扩张、耕地不断减少、国有土地收益不断流失等问题。研究结论:未来的改革应着力打破国家对土地供给的高度垄断,在实现集体土地与国有土地的产权平等和产权明晰的基础上,以比例原则为指导进行制度重构。

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the reasons of ineffectiveness of the so-called ＂the most restrict land administration system in the world＂ in China and further analyze the disadvantages of the quota-based land administration system. Methods of empirical and normative analysis were employed. The results indicated that the current land administration system was at the expense of farmers＇ development rights, and it did not react to the change of relations between the local and central governments. It therefore resulted in the expansion of urban area, loss of farmland, and the loss of state-owned land revenue. The paper concludes that the governmental monopoly of land supply should be broken. A new institutional system should be reconstructed, aiming to fairly respect and protect the rights of state-owned and collective-owned land based on the principle of proportionality.