蒙古国与中国内蒙古鼠疫流行病学分析

Analysis on plague epidemiology in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia

目的分析蒙古国、中国内蒙古范围内人间鼠疫、鼠间鼠疫流行及宿主变化情况。方法搜集、整理蒙古国、中国内蒙古近60年人间鼠疫流行及2000—2010年鼠间鼠疫流行及宿主变化情况资料。结果1964—2010年,蒙古国感染鼠疫患者224例,大多发生在8、9月份,男性的感染机率明显高于女性;1950—2010年,中国内蒙古感染鼠疫患者330例,主要发生在4~8月,感染人群主要是野外作业接触者;中国内蒙古地区的4型鼠疫疫源地在2000—2010年共检出鼠疫菌1256株,鼠间鼠疫的流行强度由强到弱依次为：长爪沙鼠疫源地鄂尔多斯高原地区〉长爪沙鼠疫源地乌兰察布高原地区〉布氏田鼠疫源地锡林郭勒高原〉达乌尔黄鼠疫源地察哈尔丘陵地区〉蒙古旱獭疫源地呼伦贝尔高原、达乌尔黄鼠疫源地松辽平原地区;蒙古国有多个省、县鼠间鼠疫流行,疫情严重的是戈壁阿尔泰省、前杭盖省和库苏古尔省;蒙古国、中国内蒙古长爪沙鼠的鼠密度明显在逐年增高。结论蒙古国与中国内蒙古鼠间鼠疫广泛存在,近年来有逐渐增长的趋势;人间鼠疫的感染率、病死率及流行强度在整体降低;蒙古国的流行强度要远远高于中国内蒙古地区。

Objective To analyze epidemic situation of human plague, animal plague and host changes in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Methods The human plague epidemic for nearly 60 years and animal plague epidemic and change of the host from 2000 to 2010 in the Mongolia and Inner Mongolia were collected and summarized. Results There were 224 patients infected with plague in Mongolia from 1964 to 2010, mostly occurred in August and September. There were significantly difference between male and women. There were 330 patients infected with plague in Inner Mongolia from 1950 to 2010, mostly occurred from April to August, infected people mainly worked in fieldwork crowd. There were 1256 strains of yersinia pestis detected in four focus of the Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2010 , animal plague epidemic intensity from strong to weak, gerbil foci in Eerduosi plateau of mongolian 〉 gerbil foci in Wulanchabu plateau of mongolian 〉 Microtus brandti foci in Xilingol plateau 〉 Citellus Dauricus loci in Chahar hilly region 〉 Marmota sibirica loci in Hulun buir plateau, Citellus Dauricus foci in Songliao plains. There were more than one province, county animal plague prevalency in Mongolia, the sever epidemic province was Gobi altai province, Qian hanggai province and Kusugul province. The rat density of mongolian gerbil significantly increased year by year in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia. Conclusion In Mongolia plateau, animal plague prevalence was widespread and was growing trend in recent years;The infection rate ,fatality rate and epidemic intensity of human plague was lower in whole, the epidemic intensity of Mongolia was far higher than that of Inner Mongolia region.