冬季日光温室种植春小麦加代技术研究

Study on Generation-adding Technique of Spring Wheat in Sunlihgt Greenhouse in Winter

:1995～ 1997年固原地区农科所利用日光温室技术 ,对春小麦冬季就地加代的可行性及适应性进行了探索 ,并对其在温室内的生长发育表现、幼穗分化进程、栽培管理技术等进行了系统研究。结果表明 :温室种植的春小麦正长正常 ,发育良好 ,其幼穗分化进程与田间种植的是一致的 ,不同的是温室种植的春小麦营养生长迅速、旺盛、进程快、时间短 ,而生殖生长缓慢、持续时间长、速度慢、形态特征变大。确定适宜播期为 8月 15日～ 9月 15日 ,最佳播期为 8月 15日～ 9月 10日 ,并提出温室内控温控湿等一系列栽培措施。研究认为利用日光温室加代是缩短春小麦育种年限的又一途径。

The effective way to reduce the number of years needed for breeding a variety in wheat breeding process is to make multiple generation planting in a year. During 1995～1997 Guyuan Prefecture Institute of Agricultural Sciences made an exploration of the feasibility and adaptability of generation adding of spring wheat in winter locally using sunlight greenhouse, and made a systematic study on the performance of growth and development, young panicle differentiation process as well as cultivation management of spring wheat in greenhouse. The results show that the spring wheat planted in greenhouse grew normally and developed quite well. Its young panicle differentiation process was consistent with that in open field. The differences were that the spring wheat planted in greenhouse was rapid, vigorous, quickly and takes shorter time in nutritional development but was slow and take a longer time in reproductive development. It was determined that the suitable time for seeding is from August 15 to September 15, the optimum seeding time is from August 15 to September 10. A Series of effective measures were put forward including temperature control and humidity control in greenhouse. It is one another approach to reduce the number of years for breeding a variety.