糯小麦(Waxy Wheat)研究进展

The Research Progress on Waxy Wheat

糯小麦因不含直链淀粉或直链淀粉含量很低 ,所以在食品工业和非食品工业上将会有重要的应用价值。然而 ,在自然条件下六倍体小麦中则无全糯质小麦存在 ,需要人工创造。近几年来 ,国际上不仅出现了糯小麦研究的热潮 ,而且进展较快。六倍体小麦的糯质特性由 3个基因位点 ( Wx-A1、Wx-B1、Wx-D1 )控制 ,分别位于 7A、4 A、7D染色体上 ,3个基因组合成 8种 Waxy类型 ,用 SDS-PAGE电泳分析可加以区别。当 3个位点均为缺失突变时 ,才是全糯质。自然界中不同 Waxy类型分布频率有很大差异。单缺失体中 ,Wx-A1、Wx-B1缺失体较常见 ,Wx-D1缺失体罕见 ;双缺失体中 ,Wx-A1和 Wx-B1双缺失体较常见 ,其余双缺失体以及三缺失体均未见报道。糯小麦对淀粉及面团特性均有影响。本文综述了以上研究进展 。

Because the waxy wheat doesnt contain amylose or contains very lower level of amylose, it will have an important practical value in both food and non food industry. However, there is no complete waxy mutant in hexaploid wheat under the natural condition and it need to be produced artificially. Not only does research craving of waxy wheat appear, but also fast development have been obtained in recent years in the world. Three gene loci ( Wx A1, Wx B1, and Wx D1 ) control the waxy of hexaploid wheat and they located on chromosome 7A, 4A and 7D respectively. The three genes may combine eight types of waxy and can be distinguished by SDS PAGE electrophoresis analysis. Complete waxy type can be produced when the three loci are mutated. There are obvious differences among frequency of eight waxy types in natural condition. In single gene mutants, the mutant frequencies of Wx A1, Wx B1 were high, but mutant frequency of Wx D1 was very low. In tow gene mutants, the mutant frequency of Wx A1 and Wx B1 was high; however, the frequencies of others and three gene mutants weren't been reported. Waxy wheat affects the properties of both flour and starch. To provide some reference for wheat breeder, this paper reviews the research progress on waxy wheat.