小麦—野燕麦蓝粒新种质的初步研究

A Preliminary Study on Blue Seed Germplasm from Wheat-Wild Oat Cross

野燕麦具有对小麦遗传改良有益的基因,将其遗传物质导入到小麦中对丰富小麦的种质资源具有重要意义。对小麦—野燕麦杂交获得的蓝粒新种质的染色体进行了初步鉴定,其染色体数目为2n=42。用蓝粒新种质蓝粒与白粒小麦进行正反杂交,其F1均表现为蓝色,表明蓝粒对白粒为显性,且具有花粉直感现象。然而,当用红粒小麦中国春为母本与其杂交时,杂种粒色为红粒,通过谷蛋白电泳进一步证实了该红粒杂种的真实性。这表明蓝粒在遗传过程中有母本效应。

The wild oat contains some useful genes for wheat genetic improvement.The transfer of genetic material from oat to common wheat is of important significance for enriching the breeding resource of wheat.In the paper,the new blue-seed germplasm from wheat-oat cross was studied,which had 42 chromosomes and could be inherited stably.When the blue-seed line was crossed with white-seed genotypes,the reciprocal F1 hybrids all presented blue seed coat,which indicated that the blue seed was a dominant trait to white seed,and had pollen xenia effect.However,when it was used as male parent to cross with red-seed genotype Chinese-spring,the F1 hybrid presented the red-seed color,and the realness of hybrid seeds was confirmed by means of glutenin electrophoresis.This result indicated that the maternal effect was involved in the heredity of blue-seed color.