土壤耕作方式对夏玉米抗茎倒伏能力的影响

Soil Tillage Methods on Stalk Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize

针对河北省高产夏玉米倒伏问题,选用不同抗倒性品种XY335、XD20和JD28,设置旋耕直播、免耕直播、旋耕直播+培土和免耕直播+培土4个处理,并分析了不同耕作措施下玉米茎秆形态特征、机械强度和产量变化。结果表明,旋耕处理能明显降低株高、穗位、重心和基部节间长粗比,显著增强茎秆抗拉力和基部节间机械强度,倒伏率最低,但穗粒数较少,粒质量与产量较低;免耕直播处理JD28、XY335和XD20的倒伏率分别为0,11.2%,10.6%,抗倒伏能力仅次于旋耕,穗粒数、粒质量及产量最高;拔节期培土明显增加株高、穗位、重心和基部节间长粗比,降低茎秆抗拉力和基部节间机械强度,其中,免耕直播+培土下XY335和XD20的倒伏率分别为89.6%和82.2%。

Recent studies have shown that stem lodging has reduced maize yields in Hebei Province,mainly under high-yielding conditions.In this paper,the effects of tillages management with No Tillage,No Tillage＋Ridging,Rotary Tillage and Rotary Tillage＋Ridging were studied on morphological characteristics,mechanical characteristics of stem and yield characters using three logging resistance maize varieties,Xianyu 335（Low resistance）,Xundan 20（Low resistance） and Jingdan 28（High resistance）.The results showed that Rotary Tillage had lower plant height,ear height and high center of gravity,smaller ratio of internode length/diameter of the 4th and 5th under ear,better stretching resistance of stem and internodes mechanical strength of the 4th and 5th under ear.Therefore,Rotary Tillage had the lowest loging rate.Ridging atatelongation stage was opposite on morphological characteristics and nical characteristics of stem,and the loging rate of Xianyu 335 and Xundan 20 were 89.6% and 82.2%.It is found that the loging rate of Jingdan 28,Xianyu 335 and Xundan 20 were 0,11.2% and 10.6% under No Tillage,the lodging resistance were second to Rotary Tillage.However,the 100-grain weight,kernels per spike and yield were higher than Rotary Tillage.