2012年全国麻风病流行地区公众防治核心信息知晓情况调查

Investigation on awareness of basic leprosy control knowledge among national public in epidemic areas in 2012

目的了解全国麻风病流行地区公众防治核心信息知晓情况,为今后更有效开展麻风病健康教育工作提供方向和重点。方法根据麻风病患病率和累计病人数,选择5个不同省份(江苏、湖南、浙江、陕西、河北)的1个有麻风病院(村)的县市皮肤病门诊就诊人群随机进行面对面询问式调查,了解7条麻风病防治核心信息的知晓情况。使用SPSS 11.5统计软件进行分析,采用χ2检验和logistic回归分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果共调查1 218例就诊人群,总知晓率为35.69%(3 043/8 526)。防治核心信息基本知晓率女性(25.87%)、12～39岁人群(22.97%)、陕西和河北地区(15.95%)、农民(28.57%)较低,性别、年龄组、地区、职业间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.450、42.206、61.917、21.844,P均<0.05)。调查对象对麻风病传染性、人群抵抗力、早期症状、防治机构、免费治疗政策、防残措施、可治愈性的知晓率分别为49.10%、35.88%、26.93%、41.95%、14.45%、38.83%和42.69%。结论应根据社会公众麻风病防治核心信息知晓情况开展针对性健康教育,如期完成规划健康教育指标。

Objective To investigate the awareness of basic knowledge on leprosy control among general public in epidemic areas. Methods Outpatients in each dermatologic clinic from 5 provinces selected based on the incidence and accumulated cases of leprosy were randomly surveyed by face-to-face questionnaire to assess their awareness of 7 basic knowledge of leprosy control. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical purpose. P〈 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 1218 outpatients were surveyed with the overall awareness rate of 35.69%. The rates were relatively low among women （25.87%）, individuals aged 12-39 years （22.97）, outpatients from Shanxi and Hebei （15.95%） as well as among farmers （28.57 %） . There were significant differences of awareness rates among subjects with different sex, age, occupation and from different regions （Χ^2 = 7. 450, 42. 206, 21. 844 and 61. 917, P〈0.05）. The awareness rates of the 7 basic knowledge of leprosy as infectivity, resistance, early symptoms, control agencies, free treatment policy, disability prevention and curability were 49.10%, 35.88%, 26.93%, 41.95%, 14.45%, 38.83% and 42.69%, respectively. Conclusions Targeted leprosy health education should be launched out according to local awareness rate in order to reach the national planning goals on time.