煤矿接尘工人生存质量与职业紧张职业倦怠关系研究

Interrelationship among quality of life and occupational stress as well as job burnout in coal dust miners

目的探讨煤矿接尘工人生存质量与职业紧张、职业倦怠的相互关系。方法调查山西省7个煤矿2 058名煤矿接尘工人,采用中文版SF-36量表评价其生存质量,职业倦怠量表评价倦怠感,职业紧张量表评价职业任务、个体紧张度以及应对情况,运用SPSS 13.0和AMOS 17.0软件进行统计分析。Pearson相关描述各变量间相关程度,路径分析构建职业紧张和职业倦怠对生存质量的影响。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果职业任务、个体紧张、倦怠和个体应对均与生存质量有直接作用(P<0.001),随着煤矿工人职业任务的加重,个体紧张增强,倦怠感加重,使得生存质量降低(b=-0.38;b=-1.31;b=-0.68);同时个体应对增强又能够使得生存质量得以提高(b=0.97)。个体紧张、倦怠和个体应对又是职业任务与生存质量的中间调节作用。职业任务的加重,使得个体紧张度增加(b=0.25)、倦怠感增强(b=0.09),从而降低生存质量;个体紧张的增加同时也使得倦怠感增强(b=0.32);而个体应对能力强则可以降低个体紧张度(b=-0.15)与倦怠感(b=-0.28),从而提高生存质量。结论煤矿接尘工人职业任务、个体紧张、个体应对以及职业倦怠均与其生存质量有密切关系。关注煤矿接尘工人,积极改进作业环境,降低工作强度,增加人文关怀,提升应对能力,有助于生存质量的提高。

Objective To explore the interrelationship among quality of life （QOL）, occupational stress and job burnout among coal dust miners. Methods A total of 2058 coal dust miners from 7 coalmines in Shanxi province were surveyed. SF-36 and MBI were used to assess the QOL and job burnout, while OSI-R was ap plied to assess the occupational role, personal strain and personal coping. SPSS13.0 and AMOS17.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Pearson correlation was used to describe the correlation among these varia bles, Path analysis was applied to build the model about occupational stress and job burnout on the QOL. P〈 0.05 was considered o be statistically difference. Results Occupational role, personal strain, personal coping and burnout had direct impacts on QOL （P〈0. 001） . The higher the occupational role, personal strain, and job burnout , the lower the QOL （b=-0.38; b=-1.31; b= -0.68） . However, the enhanced personal coping ability could increase the QOL （b= 0.97） . Meanwhile, personal strain, burnout and personal coping were regulator between occupational role and QOL. The tougher occupational task increased the individ ual stress （b=0.25）, tiredness （b=0.09）, thereby reduced the QOL. While personal strain also increased the burnout （b= 0.32） . Individual coping ability could reduce the personal strain （b=- 0.15） and burnout （b= -0.28）, thereby increased the QOL. Conclusions Occupational role, personal strain, job burnout and personal coping are closely related to QOL. In order to increase the QOL, It is critical to improve the operating environment, reduce the intensity of job stress, increase the human care, and enhance the coping ability of coal dust miners