综合医院护理人员工作压力及心理状况调查

InvestigatIion on the work stress and psychological status of nursing staff in a general hospital

目的了解护理人员工作压力与心理状况及其相互关系，为有效地减轻和改善工作压力对心理健康水平的影响提供科学依据。方法采用目标抽样的方法抽取某综合医院护理人员532名，采用自制一般资料调查表和护理人员工作压力源量表、心理健康症状自评量表（SCL-90）调查护理人员基本情况、工作压力状况及心理状况。结果工作压力分析发现，护理人员工作压力5个维度中，患者护理方面得分（2．73±0．62）分、护理专业及工作方面（2．61±0．61）分，居于前2位。SCL-90中护理人员躯体化、强迫、人际关系3个因子得分分别为（1．80±0．50），（2．07±0．55），（1．82±0．52）分，均高于常模[（1．37±0．48），（1．62±0．58），（1．65±0．51）分]，差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为17．37，15．43，6．49；P〈0．01）；SCL-90其他各因子护理人员得分也均高于常模，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；护理人员不同性别之间心理健康各因子得分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），不同年龄、编制、职称护理人员之间心理健康得分比较，40岁及以上护理人员、正式在编人员、主管护师及以上人员的躯体化因子得分较高（P〈0．05），40岁以下人员、非正式在编人员及主管护师职称以下人员的人际关系、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子得分较高（P〈0．05）；通过Logistic回归分析发现，职称、患者护理、管理及人际关系、护理专业及工作四个方面是影响护理人员心理健康水平的主要因素，重要性顺序为职称〉护理专业及工作〉患者护理〉管理及人际关系。结论护理人员工作压力大，心理状况欠佳，医院护理管理者应采取科学合理的措施，减轻护理人员的工作压力，提高其心理健康水平。

Objective To study the work stress and psychological status of nursing staff as well as their relationship, so as to provide scientific references for alleviating work stress and improving mental health. Methods 532 nurses insome general hospital were chosen by target sampling, and self-designed questionnaire, work stress scale and SCL-90 were used to investigate their basic information, work stress and psychological status. Results Work stress analysis showed that, among 5 dimensions of nursing staff＇ s work stress, the score of nursing, nursing profession and work was the highest, respectively （2.73 ± 0.62）, （2.61 ± 0.61 ）. The score of somatization, obsessive-compulsivesymptoms and interpersonal sensitivity in SCL-90 was respectively （1.80±0.50）,（2.07 ±0.55）,（1.82±0.52）, higher than the norm which is（1.37±0.48）,（1.62± 0.58 ）, （ 1.65± 0.51 ）, and the differences were statistically significant （ t = 17.37,15.43,6.49, respectively; P 〈 0.01 ） ; the score of depression, paranoid, psychosis, anxiety, hostility, terror in SCL-90 was respectively higher than the norm （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. There was no statistically significantdifference of mental health scores between nurses of different genders （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Score of somatization was relatively higher in nursing staff who were over 40 years old, officially employed or nurses-in-charge and above （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Score of interpersonal relationship, anxiety, hostile and horror was relatively higher in nursing staff who were under 40, non-officially employed or below nurses-in-charge （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Logistic regression analysis showed that, professional tide, nursing for patients, management and interpersonal relationship, nursing profession and work were the four main influencing factors for nursing staff＇s mental health, and the order of importance was professional 〉 nursing profession and work 〉 nursing for patients 〉 management and interpersonal relationship. Conclusions Nursing staff＇ s work stress is high and their psychological status is not good enough in general hospital. Scientific measures should be taken by hospital manager to alleviate nursing staff＇ s work stress and improve their mental health.