多层隔热材料飞行试验研究综述

Review of flight tests for multi-layer insulator materials

考虑在低地球轨道中热控材料的性能变化直接影响航天器的温度,本文从3个方面研究了多层隔热组件的在轨性能变化。首先,介绍了地面模拟空间环境对热控材料的破坏试验;然后,重点对比分析了哈勃望远镜、长期暴露装置和国际空间站上多层隔热组件样本的试验数据,得到了相关的材料性能结果;最后,详细描述了哈勃望远镜维修用多层隔热组件面膜的地面筛选试验。通过对比在轨飞行数据和地面试验数据发现,影响近地轨道卫星多层隔热组件面膜寿命的首要因素是原子氧和温度循环的共同作用,紫外照射和带电粒子的影响相对较弱。该结论为地面加速试验的规划与修正和长寿命航天器的热设计提供了参考依据。

As the performance changes of thermal control materials in-orbit effect the temperature of a spacecraft,the performance of Multi-layer Insulators（MLI） in-orbit are studied in this paper.Firstly,the destructive testing of thermal control materials at a simulation test for space environments is introduced.Then,the test data of the of MLI samples from Hubble Space Telescope（HST）,Long Duration Exposure Facility and the International Space Station are compared.At last,the ground-based test of thermal control replacement materials for the HST is expatiated.Compared to the data of flight and ground testings,it is concluded that the coincidence from atomic oxygen and thermal cycling is the primary factor to damage the outer surface of the MLI,while ultraviolet radiation and charged particle radiation have a weaker effect.The conclusion might provide a reference for planning and revising the ground acceleration testing and thermal design for long-life spacecrafts.