水产禁用药物孔雀石绿的危害与对策分析

HAZARDS AND COUNTERMEASURE ANALYSIS OF FORBIDDEN AQUATIC REMEDY MALACHITE GREEN

三苯甲烷类有机物孔雀石绿具有多方面的用途，文章首先简要介绍了孔雀石绿的化学性质、抑菌、抗真菌以及杀虫等强大功效，然后展开论述了孔雀石绿由于其高残留、高毒性以及致畸、致癌、致突变的毒副作用，而对水产养殖动物产生的剧毒、蓄积毒性、广泛组织毒副作用，以及对环境广泛而持久的危害，并且通过食物链对哺乳动物特别是人类自身造成致癌性、遗传毒性以及慢性毒副作用．然后介绍了孔雀石绿在水产上的个别违规使用现象，并进行了原因浅析．最后就如何因对孔雀石绿问题，从政策、宣传教育、科研等不同层面进行了对策分析．

As the N -methylated diaminotriphenymethane compound, the Malachite Green （MG）, has been used in many fields. The sketch of the chemical characteric and the effective function of control external fungal and protozoan was given firstly. Then the high acute toxicity, the cumulative toxicity, the wide side -effect tissue toxicity to the aquatic animal and the wide and persistent hazards to the environment, even its potential carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and teratogenicity in mammals especially in human being through food chain, all because of it＇ s high residual, high toxic and carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic character, were illuminated. It was considered as practically irreplaceable, so there is still a few of misus of Malachite Green in aquatic. In the end, focusing on how to treat with MG issue, countermeasures from different aspects such as policy, educational propaganda and science research etc, were presented.