神灵入祀与地方社会:明代无锡张巡信仰考略

On Zhang Xun Belief of Wuxi,Jiangsu Province in Ming Dynasty

张巡信仰在无锡地方社会有着悠久的历史,明初,地方官员与士人通过对东岳庙中相关神灵形象的转换,试图使其跻身于国家祀典神行列,但并未得偿所愿。景泰间,他们再次抓住地方大疫的有利时机,终于将其成功送入祀典。成化间,作为祀典神的张巡别立新庙,从此在无锡地方社会中就有了两座张巡庙,它们虽然均供奉张巡,但却有着不同的信仰基础,神灵形象也有着极大的不同,地方士绅力图将两者加以区分。与地方社会的发展过程相联系,两座庙宇也遭遇了不同的命运。

Zhang Xun Belief has a long history in local society of Wuxi.Local officials and gentries made him God of worship from 1450 to 1457,since when there were two Zhang Xun temples.Although they both offered sacrifices to Zhang,they had different belief foundations and images and underwent different fates in the social development process.