“美国亚太再平衡战略”对中美关系的影响

Impact of the 'U.S. Asia-Pacific Rebalancing Strategy' on Sino-U.S. Relations

2010年美国提出了回归亚太战略,这是冷战后美国最重要的全球战略调整之一,也是对中国外部环境影响最大的一个政策。虽然美国方面用'战略转向','亚太再平衡战略'等新说法取代了有争议的'回归亚太'一说,但其针对中国的实质不变。迄今为止,关于亚太再平衡战略最早,也是完整的论述是2011年11月,美国时任国务卿希拉里.克林顿女士在《外交政策》上发表的《美国的太平洋世纪》一文,她正式高调宣称美国重返亚太。'美国重返亚太'战略包含政治、军事和经济三方面,政治上开展'前沿部署性外交'、'多边外交'、'价值观外交'等;军事上'巩固老朋友,寻找新伙伴';经济上欲主导《跨太平洋战略伙伴关系协议》的建设,构建以美国为核心的东亚经济合作机制。'美国重返亚太'战略对中国与美国的平衡关系产生影响,激化'南海问题',使得东亚地区出现离心化趋向。'美国重返亚太'战略也存在一定的局限性。正因为如此,奥巴马第二任期开始后,美国对此战略进行了微调。中国拥有应对'美国重返亚太'战略的空间,应继续加大中美之间的合作和共识,为中国自身的发展创造良好的周边环境。

In 2010,the U.S.proposed the return to the Asia-Pacific strategy,which is America's one of the most important post-Cold War global strategic adjustments,as well as one of the policies with greatest impact on the external environment for China.Although the United States replaces the controversial term 'return to Asia' with 'strategic pivot','Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy',and other new versions,its essence is unchanged against China.So far,the earliest and the most complete exposition on the Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy was published in November 2011,by Ms.Hillary Clinton,former Secretary of State of the US,in her article-'America's Pacific Century' published in Foreign Policy,where she formally announced a high profile US return to the Asia-Pacific.'The United States Return to Asia' strategy includes political,military and economic aspects.Politically,they carried out 'forward-deployed diplomacy','multilateral diplomacy','values diplomacy',etc.;militarily,they insisted 'consolidate old friends,and find new partners';economically,they wanted to lead the construction of 'Trans-Pacific strategic Partnership Agreement',and made the United States as the core of the East Asian economic cooperation mechanism.' The United States return to Asia' strategy has an impact on a balanced relationship between China and the U.S.,and intensifies the conflict of 'South China Sea issue,' making East Asia involved in a centrifugal trend.'The United States return to Asia' strategy owns some limitations.Because of this,when Obama's second term began,the United States has had a strategic fine-tuning.China has space to deal with 'the United States return to Asia',and it should continue to increase cooperation and consensus between China and the US,and create a good surrounding environment for China's own development.