食品安全治理的“第三条道路”——日本生协个案分析及其启示

The "Third Path" of Food Safety Governance: The Case of Japanese Life Cooperative Combinations and Its Revelations

近年来,我国食品安全事故频发,国家对食品安全治理尤为关注。日本作为世界上食品最安全的国家之一,在其社会中广泛存在着的生协组织为日本食品安全的成功治理做出了重要贡献,在生协组织的推动之下,日本的国家、市场与社会在食品安全治理问题上达到了某种有效沟通和制衡的良性关系,避免了市场的恶性竞争、政府的自由放任或监管不力现象。这恰恰是日本食品安全治理的重要经验。正是这种制衡将一种内在的支撑力量填充进了各种制度的运作,建构起了食品领域的良性治理秩序,从而也使日本的食品安全治理表现出了消费者和市民自身的主体能动性。因此,以促进社会组织的发育来形成国家、市场与社会在食品安全治理中的相互制衡关系,是在国家主导和市场自律两大模式之外,完善我国当前食品安全治理可供选择的"第三条道路"。

In recent years,China's food safety accidents occur frequently and China pays close attention to the governance of food safety.Japan is one of the countries which have the safest food,and the Japanese Life Cooperative Combinations being widespread in Japanese society make a significant contribution to the successful governance of food safety.Encouraged by the Japanese Life Cooperative Combinations,the relationship between state,market,and society in Japan has reached a benign and balanced point in food safety governance,which avoids vicious competition in the market and the government's laissezfaire or weak regulation.This is precisely the successful experience of Japanese food safety governance.It is this balance that puts an inner driving force into the operation of various institutions and constructs a good order in the food safety governance The Japanese food safety governance reflects the main consumers and the citizens' own initiative.So promoting the growth of social organization to form the counterbalance between state,market,and society in food safety governance is the so called 'third path' to improve our current food safety supervision besides the state-led mode and the market discipline mode.