关于我国和世界优秀田径运动员竞技年龄的对比研究

A Comparative Study of the Competitive Ages between Chinese and World Elite Track and Field Athletes

通过对国内优秀田径运动员 6 6 5人和世界优秀田径运动员 92 2人资料的研究 ,获得了运动员在整个竞技生涯中运动成绩变化过程的年龄规律 ,分析了运动员在各竞训阶段、各专项和性别上的成绩与年龄特点 ,揭示出国内优秀田径运动员的竞技年龄特征表现为成才晚、出现最高成绩早、退役早的“一晚两早”现象 ,世界优秀田径运动员表现为成才早、出现最高成绩晚、退役晚的“一早两晚”现象 ,为运动队制定和执行长期系统的训练计划提供理论参考。

Chinese and 922 world level elite track and field athletes were studied as objects to find out the patterns and relationship between their varied performance and ages in their whole competitive career. After analysis of the performance and age characteristics in different training period, individual event and sex, it is revealed that the ages for most Chinese athletes to get to their master standards were older than that of the world elite athletes, while the ages for them to come to the first top level performance and their retire ages were younger than that of the world elite athletes respectively. These conclusions will give theoretical reference to coaches in working out long term training plans.