水稻秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素

Factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching

调查水稻秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下小麦出苗率、出苗整齐度、出苗均匀性,研究水稻秸秆还田与不同耕作方式下影响小麦出苗的因素。结果表明:水稻秸秆还田提高小麦出苗整齐度,降低小麦出苗率以及出苗均匀性;小麦出苗率下降的原因可概括为播种过浅、播种过深、种子霉烂、秸秆阻碍、土壤水分分布不均或水分不足等5方面;水稻秸秆还田条件下,影响小麦出苗的首要因素是土壤水分分布不均或水分不足,其次是秸秆阻碍;无水稻秸秆还田条件下,影响小麦出苗的首要因素是土壤水分不足或干湿不均,其次是播种过深。

In order to study the factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching, plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of straw incorporation and tillage methods on winter seedling rate and the reasons. The results were as follows： rice starw mulching reduced seedling rate of winter wheat. The emergence uniformity increased when rice straw was returned to the field. The main five factors affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat were summerized as follows： obstacles by rice straw, sowing too shallow, seed moldiness, deficiency or unevenness of soil water and sowing too deep. Deficiency or unevenness of soil water was the first factor affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns with rice straw mulching. The second factor was obstacles by rice stalks. The first factor affecting seedling emergence in winter wheat under different tillage patterns without rice straw mulching was deficiency or unevenness of soil water. Sowing to deep was the second.