论齐泽克对阿伦特的理论再批判

Arendt Reexamined: Zizek’s Critique and Dilemma

为了批判全球资本主义及其在政治上的表现即自由主义民主,齐泽克分析了阿伦特"左翼中间派的自由主义"。他认为重提极权主义是不合时宜的,作为意识形态性的概念,它有效地阻止了真正激进的思想和行动。接受这一观念,就意味着深陷于自由主义民主制的坐标。齐泽克反对把极权主义视为整体性的。通过对法西斯主义和斯大林主义进行比较研究,他发现二者尽管有相同之处,但更突出的是巨大的差异。他的结论是:斯大林主义始终蕴含着一种解放的潜能,因为哪怕在最黑暗的斯大林主义内部,也包含一个赎罪的维度。齐泽克这种论述既有深刻独到之处,又面临着新的理论难题。

In order to criticize global capitalism and its ideological complement, Zizek examines Arendt＇s centre-left liberalism. Arendt uses totalitarianism to analyze both Nazism and Stalinism; however, in Zizek＇s mind, it is no more than an ideological notion. He claims that the moment one accepts the notion of totalitarianism, he/she is firmly located within the liberal democratic horizon. Zizek articulates that totalitarianism always functions as a way of preventing truly radical thought and therefore truly radical acts. Comparing Fascism with Stalinism, he concludes that Stalinist ideology is radically ambiguous because it still exudes an emancipatory potential-- ＂ even the darkest Stalinism harbors a redemptive dimension. ＂ This paper argues that Zizek develops the critique of totalitarianism and meanwhile he puts himself in another dilemma.