成都地区婴幼儿腹泻轮状病毒感染的流行病学特征调查

Investigation on epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus infection in infants with diarrhea in Chengdu area

目的:了解成都地区婴幼儿腹泻轮状病毒(RV)的感染情况和流行特点。方法:收集6 335例5岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用双抗体夹心法及免疫层析分析技术检测粪便标本中的RV抗原,分析阳性患儿流行病学资料。结果:6335份腹泻患儿粪便标本中,RV抗原阳性2 487份,阳性率39.26%;其中11、12、1月份阳性率分别为55.83%、65.13%、60.48%,与其他月份阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);1-2岁患儿RV感染率最高(49.56%),与其他年龄段患儿RV感染率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性患儿RV感染率为39.75%,女性患儿为38.53%,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:成都地区婴幼儿RV感染高峰期在11月-次年1月,RV易感年龄为1-2岁。对婴幼儿腹泻应尽早做RV检测,以及时发现病原体合理治疗,避免滥用抗菌药物,防止传播,接种RV疫苗以控制RV感染所致的婴幼儿腹泻。

Objective： To understand the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of rotavirus （RV） in infants with diar- rhea in Chengdu area. Methods： The fecal samples of 6 335 infants under five years old with diarrhea were collected ; double antibody sand- wich ELISA and immunochromatography were used to detect RV antigen in fecal samples ; the epidemiological data of infants with positive RV antigen were analyzed. Results： Among 6 335 fecal samples, 2 487 fecal samples were found with positive RV antigen, the positive rate was 39.26% ; the positive rates of RV antigen in November, December, and January were 55.83%, 65.13%, and 60.48% , respectively, compared with those in the other months, there was statistically significant difference （ P 〈 0. 01 ） ; the infection rate of RV in infants aged 1 -2 years old was the highest （49. 56% ）, compared with those in the ofl^er age groups, there was s^atistically significant difference （P 〈 O. 01 ） ; the infection rates of RV in boys and girls were 39.75% and 38.53% , respectively, there was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls （P 〉 0. 05 ） . Conclusion： The infection rates of RV in iniants are high in November, December, and January; the infants aged 1 -2 years old are more susceptible to RV. To control infantile di^tThea induced by RV infection, the measures should be taken include conducting RV detection as early as possible, finding pathogen timely, reasonable treatment, avoiding antibiotics abuse, preventing RV transmission, and RV vaccine.