热带气旋科学观测试验及研究进展概况

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC FIELD EXPERIMENTS ON TROPICAL CYCLONES AND ASSOCIATED RESEARCH PROGRESS

由于缺少针对热带气旋背景下的观测资料,使得目前对热带气旋发展演变机理的认识还很有限,这也是当前热带气旋机理研究及数值模式中物理过程参数化方案改进的主要瓶颈。在回顾国内外有关热带气旋的科学试验计划基础上,围绕以提升热带气旋路径和强度预报水平为主线,阐述了不断丰富和发展的热带气旋观测试验的科学目标。从大气观测和海洋观测两个方面,总结了包括飞机探测、下投式探空观测、海上观测平台、地面移动观测、浮标探测等针对热带气旋的观测技术发展概况。基于对热带气旋的观测资料分析,从热带气旋背景下海气相互作用及其对热带气旋的影响、热带气旋边界层结构特征、下投式探空资料在热带气旋研究中的应用等几个方面概述了当前最新的观测研究进展。最后,简要指出了热带气旋观测试验中存在的主要问题及未来发展方向。

With relatively few in situ observations, the lack of knowledge about the development mechanism of tropical cyclones （TCs） imposes an obvious obstacle in our understanding of the physical processes of the TCs and the associated parameterizations eventually incorporated into the numerical prediction models. Over the past few decades, many domestic and international TCs field experiments are carried out in order to further understand TCs track and intensity variation and physical mechanism. In this paper, the scientific objectives of the experiments are summarized with focus on the forecasting ability for TCs track and intensity. The main observation progresses in TCs are introduced from the aspect of both atmospheric and oceanic observation, which include air-based instruments, dropwindsondes, air-sea interaction towers, surface portable observation tools, buoys, etc. Using observation data, recent research achievements are discussed briefly on TCs boundary layer structure, physical processes of TCs interacting with the underlying ocean, feedbacks of the ocean to cause changes in TCs intensity, and application of dropwindsondes in numerical models. Finally, the main difficulties and future development direction in TCs observation are summarized.