辽河流域生态系统时空格局及服务价值变化研究

Changes of temporal-spatial pattern and services evaluation of the ecosystem in the Liaohe river basin

以辽宁省境内辽河流域为研究对象,将流域生态系统划分为7类,从全流域、15个子流域、河岸带3个尺度分析了生态系统结构的空间和时间变化,结合生态系统服务价值评估方法,评价了三个尺度下生态系统服务价值及变化。结果表明:全流域生态系统以农田和森林生态系统为主,子流域生态系统结构及时空变化存在较大差异,河岸带生态系统结构与全流域结构差异显著,与全流域生态系统结构相比,河岸带森林生态系统所占比例显著降低,水体与湿地生态系统显著增加。全流域生态系统服务总价值逐渐降低,森林生态系统服务价值最高;子流域内森林生态系统服务价值对子流域服务价值最大;河岸带内水体与湿地生态系统服务价值最大。

The ecosystem was divided into 7 types in the Liaohe rive basin of Liaoning province. The temporal and spatial changes of the ecosystem structure were analyzed on three scales,i, e. the whole basin, 15 watersheds and ri- parian zone. Combining an ecosystem services evaluation method, the ecosystem services and its variation were e- valuated on three scales. The results show that farmland and forest ecosystems are dominant in the whole basin. There is a significant difference for the ecosystems structure and its temporal and spatial variations among 15 wa- tersheds. The structures of ecosystem between riparian zone and the whole basin differ significantly. Compared with the ecosystem structure in the whole basin, the proportion of forest ecosystem in the riparian zone reduces distinct- ly, while that of water and wetland ecosystem increases significantly. The ecosystem service value in the whole ba- sin decreases gradually. Among all ecosystem types, the service value of forest ecosystem is the highest both in the whole basin and in the watersheds. However, the ecosystem service value of water and wetland is the highest in the riparian zone.