湖北省孝感市2009～2012年水痘发病与环境因素的相关性分析

The Epidemiology of Varicella and Its Correlation with Environmental Factors in Xiaogan City during 2009-2012

目的：探讨孝感市环境、气候变化对水痘发病流行的影响。方法：设计流行病学调查表，在孝感周边地区设立临时观察点，由皮肤科医生对水痘散发病例进行临床观察和调查，并抽取近几年的地方流行病学预防统计报表资料，调查时间为2009～2012年，采用SPSS18软件进行统计学分析。结果：2009～2012年孝感市共报告水痘临床诊断病例6324例，无死亡病例报告，年平均发病率为32．838／10万，全年各月均有病例发生，呈现5～6月和11～12月两个明显发病高峰，分别占报告病例总数的25．90％和27．02％。发病有明显季节性，在夏季和冬季出现发病高峰。但与气温（r=-0．15，P〉0．05）、相对湿度（r=-0．29，P〉0．05）、降雨量（r=0．16，P〉0．05）均无相关性。结论：应重视环境因素对水痘发病的影响，为制定水痘疫情流行的防治措施提供科学依据。

Objective：To explore the incidence and the epidemiological characteristics of vari- celia in Xiaogan city. Methods：During 2009 to 2012, the epidemic investigational parameter was designed, the temporary viewpoint in the peripheral locality around Xiaogan area was set up, and the clinical observation and the investigation of sporadic cases by dermatologist were carried out. The local epidemic prevention statistics data in the last few years was analyzed, and the SPSS 18 software was used for statistical processing single casualty, were reported in Xiaogan Results： A total of 6324 cases of varicella, without one during 2009 -2012. The average annual incidence was 32. 838/100,000 population. Varicella cases occurred in every month during the three years. The peak of the incidence occurred in summer （ from May to June, 25.90% ） and winter （ from No- vember to December, 27.02% ）. It has no correlation with temperature（r = - 0. 15, P 〉 0. 05 ）, relative humidity （r = -0. 29, P 〉0. 05） and rain capacity （r =0. 16, P 〉0. 05）. Conclusion： We should pay more attention to the possible influence by the environmental factors. Measures should be taken to improve the inoculation rate of varicella vaccine and reduce the incidence of varicella.