羊膜基质的制备技术及应用

Preparation and application of amniotic membrane matrix

背景:羊膜作为一种免疫豁免生物移植物,内含多种生物活性因子,具有抗炎、抗粘连,减轻疼痛,促进上皮化等生物学特性,被广泛应用于临床。目的:综述羊膜基质制备方法的研究进展。方法:由第一作者应用计算机检索2012年中国期刊全文数据库和1999至2012年Medline数据库中的文献,检查词分别为"羊膜,制备方法,灭菌;Amniotic membrane matrix,Processing,Sterilization",从羊膜生物学特性、免疫学特点、制备方法和灭菌方法4个方面总结羊膜基质的研究进展,共检索到98篇文章,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入28篇文章。结果与结论:羊膜是一种天然高分子生物材料,含有胶原、糖蛋白、蛋白多糖、整合素和板层体等多种成分,表达多种生长因子及mRNA相关蛋白,可为细胞的增殖、分化提供丰富的营养成分,有利于细胞的生长繁殖。一般认为羊膜不含HLA-Ⅱ类抗原,免疫原性极低,同种异体移植时排斥反应较小。但也有报道认为羊膜含有少量的HLA-Ⅱ类抗原,具有一定的免疫原性。羊膜按制备方式不同,主要有新鲜羊膜、冷冻干燥羊膜、去细胞羊膜,其各具优缺点,而通过与其他生物材料复合或掺入细胞因子及药物对其进行改性,进一步增强其各方面的性能,是当前研究的热点之一。

BACKGROUND： Amniotic membrane, an immune privilege tissue graft, containing a variety of cytokines, has biological characteristics of anti-inflammation, anti-adhesion, alleviating pain and promoting epithelization, which has been applied in clinic widely. OBJECTIVE： To review the progress of preparation of amniotic membrane matrix. METHODS： An online search of CNKI （before 2012） and Medline databases （from 1999 to 2012） was performed for articles using keywords of ＂amniotic membrane matrix, processing, sterilization＂ in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from four aspects of amniotic membrane biological characteristics, immunology characteristics, preparation methods and sterilization methods. A total of 98 articles were included. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a number of 28 articles were retained at last. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Amniotic membrane, as a natural biomaterial consisting of collagen, glycoprotein, proteoglycan, integrin, laminin, and expressing a variety of cytokines and proteins related to mRNA, provides abundant nutrients for cell growth and differentiation. Amniotic membrane is generally thought as a low immunogenicity graft without HLA- ｜[ antigen. However, there are some reports that amniotic membrane contains a small amount of HLA- [I antigen and have certain immunogenicity. According to the preparation ways, amniotic membranes are classified into fresh amniotic membrane, freeze drying amniotic membrane, acellular amniotic membrane; and, they have their respective advantages and disadvantages. It is one of the hot spots to further enhance its all aspects of performance by modification.