以糠醇为碳源的新型炭材料制备及其超级电容特性

Preparation and supercapacitive characteristics of new carbon materials derived from furfuryl alcohol

用溶剂热法制备金属有机骨架化合物(MOF-5,对苯二甲酸锌配位化合物),将糠醇引入MOF-5的孔道中得到碳前驱体,炭化处理后,用14.5 mol/L HNO3进一步活化,得到新型多孔炭材料。用红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和N2吸附等温线等对其进行测试和表征。结果表明:经硝酸处理后的多孔炭材料表面含氧官能团明显增加。由于多孔炭材料具有较高的双电层电容,而含氧官能团能提高材料的氧化还原赝电容,因此材料具有优良的电化学性能。循环伏安测试表明,在6.0 mol/L KOH电解液中扫描速度为5 mV/s时,多孔炭材料的比电容高达243.3 F/g,组装成超级电容器经5 000次循环后比电容仍高达74 F/g。

The carbon precursor was prepared by infiltrating the furfuryl alcohol into pores of metal-organic framework （MOF-5, Zn 4O（BDC）3, BDC=1,4 benzendicarboxylate）, which was synthesized by solvothermal method. With the direct carbonization and further activation treatment with 14.5 mol/L HNO 3 , a new porous carbon material was obtained. Infrared spectrum （IR）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm were utilized to characterize the as-prepared new porous carbon material. The results show that the oxygen-enriched functional groups on the surface of the new porous carbon material obviously increase after HNO3 activation. Due to the combination of electric double-layer capacitance of the porous carbon material and pseudo-capacitance of the oxygen-enriched functional groups, the as-prepared new porous material shows an excellent electrochemical performance. The results based on cyclic voltammetry test demonstrate that the specific capacitance is as high as 243.3 F/g at a scanning rate of 5 mV/s in 6.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor using this new porous carbon as the electrode active material still keeps at 74 F/g after 5 000 cycles.