眼轴与眼球生物学相关参数的分析

Relation between axial length and ocular parameters

目的:探讨眼轴长度(axial length,AL)与年龄、屈光状态及眼球生物学相关参数的关系。方法:对360例360只右眼正视及近视受试者采用全自动电脑验光仪、A超、角膜厚度测量仪、非接触式眼压计、OrbscanⅡ及3D-OCT分别测量屈光状态、AL、角膜厚度(center corneal thickness,CCT)、眼压(intraocular pressure,IOP)、前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)、白对白距离(white-to-white distance,WWD)、角膜曲率(corneal curvature,CC)及视网膜神经纤维层厚度(retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,RNFLT),用Pearson相关系数及多元回归方法评估AL与年龄、屈光状态及眼球生物学相关参数的关系。结果:AL均值为24.15±1.26mm,Pearson相关性分析显示AL与年龄(r=-0.238,P<0.01)、等值球镜度数(r=-0.742,P<0.01)、CC(r=-0.395,P<0.01)及RNFLT(r=-0.374,P<0.01)成负相关,而与ACD(r=0.411,P<0.01)呈正相关,与CCT(r=0.099,P=0.060)及WWD(r=0.061,P=0.252)无相关性。将AL及与其具有相关性的参数进一步行多元线性回归分析,AL与年龄(P=0.001)、SE(P<0.01)、ACD(P<0.01)及CC(P<0.01)具有相关性。结论:AL随着年龄增长表现为逐渐变短的趋势。眼轴越长,近视屈光度越高,角膜越扁平,前房越深,RNFLT越薄。

AIM： To investigatethe relation between axial length（AL）, age and ocular parameters. METHODS： A total of 360 subjects （360 eyes） with emmetropia or myopia were recruited. Refraction, center corneal thickness （CCT）, AL, intraocular pressure （IOP） were measured by automatic-refractor, Pachymeter, A-mode ultrasound and non-contact tonometer, respectively. Corneal curvature（CC）, anterior chamber depth（ACD） and white-to-white distance （WWD） were measured by Orbscan II. Three dimensional frequency domain coherent optical tomography （3D-OCT） was used to examine the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness（RNFLT）. The Pearson correlation coefficient （r） and multiple regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relationship between AL, age and ocular parameters. RESULTS： The average AL was 24.15±1.26mm. With elongation of the AL, spherical equivalent （SE） （r=-0.742,P0.01）, CC （r=-0.395, P0.01） and RNFLT （r=-0.374, P0.01） all decreased, while the mean ACD （r=0.411, P0.01） increased. On the contrary, there was not statistical significan with CCT （r=0.099, P=0.060） and WWD （r=0.061, P=0.252）. There was also a significant correlation between AL and age （P=0.001）, SE （P0.001）, ACD （P0.001）, CC （P0.001） in Multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION： In longer eyes, there is a tendency toward myopia, a flatter cornea, a deeper ACD and a thinner RNFLT. Age is an influencing factor for the AL as well.