云南乡村级卫生人才短缺原因及对策的质性研究

目的了解云南乡村级卫生人才短缺原因，提出解决人才短缺的对策建议。方法按经济发展水平好、中、差各抽取1个县，采用关键人物访谈、半结构式访谈的质性研究方法收集资料。结果卫生管理人员普遍认为农村卫生人员数量不足，年龄老化，业务能力总体不高，缺乏专科人才；基层医疗卫生人才招募困难，流失严重；多数管理人员和粳村卫生人员认为基层卫生人才流失主要受非当地人、福利待遇差、缺少学习机会、生活条件较差等主要因素的影响。结论云南乡村级卫生人才短缺不仅受缺乏吸引外地人才优厚政策的影响，也受当地缺少良好工作、生活条件的影响。建议选拨当地人才定向培养，改善卫生人员工作生活条件，逐步解决农村卫生人才缺乏的问题。

Objective To understand reasons of rural health talent shortage in Yunnan, and put forward suggestions for this shortage. Methods All the counties in Yunnan were divided into 3 groups based on the level of economic development in high, medium and low level, and one county was selected in each group. A semi- structured interview and a key informant interview were used to collect qualitative data from health managers and rural health staff. Results Health managers generally reported that the shortage of health talents existed at township and village levels, with their aging, poor operational capacity. There was lack of specialist personnel in rural areas. It was not only difficult to recruit rural health personel, and also lose seriously as well; Most managers and rural health staff thought that the primary health brain drain was mainly associated with non-indigene, poor benefits, lack of improving opportunities, poor living conditions and so on~ Conclusions Yunnan village-level health talent shortage was not only affected by lack of generous policy to attract foreign talent, but also affected by lack of good working and local living conditions.Recommended that select the local talent, cultivate directly, improve health personnel＇s working and living conditions, and gradually solve the problem of the shortage of health personnel in rural areas.