疑似预防接种异常反应对免疫规划项目的负面影响及应对策略

目的以基层疾控中心为研究对象，探讨疑似预防接种异常反应（AEFI）对免疫规划项目的的负面影响，并提出应对策略促进免疫规划项目的良性实施。方法查阅国家及笔者所在县疾控中心2011年-2012年关于AEFI案例，并采取随机抽样法抽取我县600g儿童监护人，就预防接种知识和获取接种知识途径影响因素进行问卷调查。结果AEFI分类异常反应25例，占48．1％，其次是一般反应（24．1％）；麻疹类疫苗、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗占主要AEFI涉及疫苗，分别占40．5％和28．8％；短信、邻里口传和电视宣传等是公众获取接种信息主要渠道。结论AEFI会引起公众对疫苗安全性的质疑，进而威胁到对免疫规划项目的实施。对AEFI早期发现和报告，详细评估免疫安全性，加强对媒体，尤其是基层百姓的有效沟通，消除信息误差等是消除AEFI对免疫规划项目实施的负面影响的应对之策。

Objective To the grassroots CDC as the research object, study of adverse events following immunization （AEFI） negative impact on immune planning, and puts forward the countermeasures to promote implementation of immunization program. Methods refer to the state and county CDC in 2011 to 2012 on the AEFI case, and take a random sampling of my county 600 children guardian, vaccination knowledge and obtain effects of inoculating way knowledge factors questionnaire. Results AEFI classification of abnormal reaction in 25 cases, accounting for 48.1%, followed by the general reaction （24.1%）; measles vaccine, pertussis diphtheria tetanus combined vaccine accounted for the major AEFI relates to a vaccine, accounted for 40.3% and 28.8% respectively; SMS, neighborhood oral and television publicity is public access to vaccination information main channel. Conclusion AEFI can cause public doubts about vaccine safety, thereby threatening the implementation of EPI project. For the early detection of AEFI and report, detailed assessment of immunization safety, strengthen the media, especially the grassroots people to communicate effectively, eliminate the error information are the countermeasures to eliminate the negative effects of AEFI on immune planning the implementation of the project.