无棱丝瓜砧木对苦瓜品质和光合生理的影响

Effects of wild luffa rootstocks on fruit quality and photosynthetic physiology of bitter gourd

【目的】探讨无棱丝瓜砧木对嫁接苦瓜果实品质和光合生理的影响,为筛选苦瓜嫁接优良砧木材料提供科学依据。【方法】以台湾双依丝瓜(IL1)和广西本地野生无棱丝瓜高代自交系材料IL6、IL9、IL16为砧木,以桂农科二号苦瓜为接穗,研究不同无棱丝瓜砧木对苦瓜果实品质、各时期叶片的叶绿素含量及光合特性的影响。【结果】嫁接能提高苦瓜的果实品质,其中以IL16为砧木的苦瓜果实的营养品质所受影响较大;各砧木均显著提高了苦瓜嫁接苗幼叶的叶绿素含量,显著降低了成叶叶绿素含量,其中以IL9为砧木对苦瓜嫁接苗植株叶绿素含量的影响最大;所有参试砧木嫁接的苦瓜植株叶片光合速率均极显著高于自根植株,其中以砧木IL9的接穗植株叶片光合速率最大,而砧木IL16显著提高了植株的表观量子效率;嫁接明显降低了苦瓜植株的光补偿点和光饱和点。【结论】砧木IL9和IL16对苦瓜果实品质、光合利用等性状的影响优于其他供试砧木。

[Objective]In order to provide scientific support to rootstock selection of bitter gourd, the effects of wild luffa rootstocks （Luffa eylindffcal Roem.） on fruit quality and plant photosynthetic physiology were studied. [Method]Bitter gourd cv. ＂Guinongke 2＂ were grafted on four different luffa rootstocks （ILl： Luffa acutanguIa cv. Shuangyi; IL6, IL9, ILl6： Luffa cylin- dnca） to study effect of rootstocks on fruit quality, leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis characteristics of hitter gourd. [Result]All rootstocks improved fruit quality, and the best effect came from rootstock ILl6. The chlorophyll contents of young leaves of grafted seedling were significantly improved by all rootstocks, however, remarkably decreased in mature leaves. The most significant impact of chlorophyll content came from rootstock IL9. All rootstocks significantly improved the photosynthetic rate of grafted seedling with the highest one from rootstock IL9, while grafted seedlings with rootstock ILl6 had the highest apparent quantum efficiency. Light saturation point and light compensation point were significantly decreased by grafting. [Conclusion]Luffa rootstocks IL9 and ILl6 could better improve the fruit quality and luminous energy utilization of bitter gourd than other rootstocks.