试论孝文帝诗文创作

The Artistic Spirit of the Poetic Composition by Emperor Xiao-wen

孝文帝作为文士,保存下来的作品主要是诏书以及个别诗赋。从总体上看,这些作品质实有余,文采不足。但有些诏书具有较强的口语化特征,劲直明快,颇有北方游牧民族豪放的风格特质;有些简短几句,叙事说理直截了当;有些表达委婉,情辞恳切;有些则极尽凌厉威风之态。诗赋与诏书都是孝文帝政治情怀的激切抒扬,是孔孟之道传载的工具,是对诗言志传统的遥相呼应。同时,他本人鼓励诗文创作,此举促进了北朝文学由萧条走向复苏,以及鲜卑贵族文学意识的自觉。不仅如此,他的诏书创作远及唐代的陆贽。在当时南方盛行骈俪化文风,北方公文创作凝重、板滞的社会风气下,孝文帝诗文创作(尤其是诏书)的特色尤为突出。因此,在文学的发展中,孝文帝值得一提。

The main remaining works of Emperor Xiaowen （467-499A.D.） as a man of letters are mainly the imperial edicts and some poems and prose, all of Which were much simpler in contents and meanwhile a little lacking in literary grace. However, some of the imperial edicts bore sharp colloquial features, which were quite vigorous with lucidity and liveliness and typical of the temperamental features possessed by the Northern riomadic nationalities--boldness and generosity, with only a few short but fiat words in narration or argument; some edicts were euphemistic in expression and earnest in emotion and language; some, swift and forceful to the fullest. Both poetry and imperial edicts were the impassioned expression of Emperor Xiaowen＇s political sentiments, which were also the tools for carrying forward the Confucius＇s and Mencius＇s doctrines and the echoes to the tradition of conveying one＇s will by writing poems. Meanwhile, he encouraged the composition of poetry, which actually promoted the literature of the Northern Dynasties through the times from its depression to its revival and aroused the free will of the literary consciousness of the Aristocrats of Xianbei nationality. Moreover, Emperor Xiaowen＇s imperial edicts were far better than LU Zhi＇s of the Tang Dynasty in the current social background where parallelism was popular in the south while the official documents in the north were imposing and dull, with the traits of Emperor Xiaowen＇s works （especially the imperial edicts） as a typical example. Hence, in the history of literature, Emperor Xiaowen＇s compositions deserve to be mentioned.cry remarkable. Hence, during the development of literature, XiaoWen emperor deserves to be mentioned.