没有儿童的儿童史(上)——对近代中国儿童史研究的回顾与反思

The History of Childhood without Studies of Children Literature Review of Studies on the History of Childhood in Modern China

近代中国儿童史研究内容分四个方面,一是儿童被教育,包含国内教育、留美教育、相关人物思想及童子军等;二是儿童被保护,相关研究主要集中在儿童保育、难童、溺婴及童工等;三是儿童被认知,主要包括文学、书刊出版及儿童观等;四是儿童自身的研究,主要有学界对儿童的行为、事务的研究和成人的童年记忆叙述。比之于儿童被教育、被保护、被认知,有关儿童自身的研究太过单薄,不可相提并论。没有儿童的儿童史,准确地击中了近代中国儿童史研究的要害、薄弱之处。强化儿童自身研究,是近代中国儿童史学界的努力所在。

In modern China, studies on the history of childhood fall into the following four categories： studies on childhood education, which includes domestic education, overseas education, some famous educationists＇ educational thought, the Scouts, etc. , studies on children protection, which mainly focu-ses on childcare, child refugee, infanticide and child laborer, studies on the acknowledgement of chil- dren, which mainly includes literature, books, journals and views on children, and studies on children per se, which includes studies on children behavior and affairs, adults＇ narrations of childhood memory. Compared with the former three categories, studies on children per se are much fewer . The above shows that studies on childeren per se is the weakness of childhood history, futher studies on this aspect should be the focus in the future＇.