抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救影响因素的研究

Impacting Factors on Embryo Rescue of Seedless Grape with Cold Resistance

以7个种子败育型无核葡萄作母本,2个抗寒欧山杂种为父本进行杂交,将杂交胚珠接种于培养基上进行胚挽救,研究了不同培养基配方、不同种类氨基酸、亲本基因型对胚发育率和成苗率的影响。结果表明:在3种胚珠培养的培养基中,以ER+水解络蛋白(CH)500mg/L+GA30.5mg/L+IAA 1.5mg/L培养基获得了最高的胚发育率和成苗率,但CH和GA3+IAA的添加对胚发育率及成苗率无显著影响;添加不同种类氨基酸对‘波尔莱特’ב北醇’组合胚的发育率及成苗率有不同影响,以1mmol/L丝氨酸的促进效果明显,烟酸的添加对胚发育率和成苗率有一定的抑制作用。在以欧山杂种(‘玫瑰香’ב黑龙江实生’)‘00-1-5’作父本的6个杂交组合中,以‘京大晶’作母本获得了最高胚发育率和成苗率,分别为36.66%和4.16%;在以欧山杂种‘北醇’作父本的2个杂交组合中,分别以‘皇家秋天’和‘红无籽露’作母本,胚的发育率和成苗率无差异;以‘北醇’作父本比‘00-1-5’作父本胚的发育率和出苗率有所提高,但结果不显著。通过该研究共获得了抗寒无核葡萄胚挽救新种质39个株系。

Taking 7 cultivars of stenospermocarpic seedless grape as female, 2 cuhivars of interspecific hybrids as male, the embryo rescue was done with hybrid ovule inoculated on medium. Effect of different ovule culture media, supplementation of different amino acid and different genotype on embryo rescue in-vitro were studied using the ovules from 8 cross combinations. The results indicated that among three medias used for culturing ovules on ER＋CH 500 mg/L＋GA3 0. 5 mg/L＋IAA 1.5 mg/L medium got the highest germination rate and seedling ratio. But added CH and GAa ＋IAA had no appreciable impact on proportion of embryos developed and seeding ratio. Supplementation of different amino acid had different effect on the proportion of embryo development and seedling rate. Particularly, among all the tested amino ascids,Ser of 1 mmol/L had remarkable promoting effect in the cross combination of ＇Perlette＇ ~hybrid ＇Beichun＇ （V. vinifera cv. ＇Muscat Hambug＇ X V. arnurensis）. While, supplement of Niacin in the media perform contrarily by inhibiting the development of the embryo. In six cross combinations which whose male parent was ＇00-1-5＇ （＇Muscat Hambug~ X Vitis amurensis accession ＇ Heilongjiang Seedling＇）, when stenospermocarpic seedless cultivar ＇ Jingdajing ~ （V. vinifera） as female parent it can obtain the largest proportion of embryo development and seedling rate. Among the two cross combinations of stenospermocarpic seedless cultivar ＇Royal Autumn＇ X ＇Beichun＇ and ＇Suttanina Rose＇ ~ ＇Beichun＇, ＇Royal Autumn＇ was good to be a female as well as ＇Sultanina Rose＇. When used ＇Beichun＇ as a male,it got higher embryo development rate and germination rate than ＇00-1-5＇, but the result was not significant. Thirty-nine new seedless grape germplasms with cold resistant were obtained by embryo rescue technology.